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All violent acts are aggressive, but only acts that are intended to cause extreme physical damage, such as murder, assault, rape, and robbery, are violent. Social psychologists use the term violence to refer to aggression that has extreme physical harm, such as injury or death, as its goal. Within the legal system, juries and judges are frequently asked to determine whether harm was done intentionally.
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Although the player whose arm is broken in a rugby match may attribute hostile intent, the other player may claim that the injury was not intended. government perceives the development of a nuclear weapon by Iran as aggressive because the government believes that the weapon is intended to harm others, but Iranians may see the program as a matter of national pride. A dentist might intentionally give a patient a painful injection of a painkiller, but the goal is to prevent further pain during the procedure.īecause our definition requires us to determine the intent of the perpetrator, there is going to be some interpretation of these intents and there may well be disagreement among the parties involved. And not all intentional behaviors that hurt others are aggressive behaviors. A salesperson who attempts to make a sale through repeated phone calls is not aggressive because he is not intending any harm (we might say this behavior is “assertive” rather than aggressive).
#Enemy deep therapy instrumental driver
For instance, a rugby player who accidentally breaks the arm of another player or a driver who accidentally hits a pedestrian would not by our definition be displaying aggression because although harm was done, there was no intent to harm. You can see that this definition rules out some behaviors that we might normally think are aggressive. Social psychologists define aggression as behavior that is intended to harm another individual who does not wish to be harmed (Baron & Richardson, 1994). Because it involves the perception of intent, what looks like aggression from one point of view may not look that way from another, and the same harmful behavior may or may not be considered aggressive depending on its intent. Intentional harm is, however, perceived as worse than unintentional harm, even when the harms are identical (Ames & Fiske, 2013). Doing so forces us to make use of the processes of causal attribution to help us determine the reasons for the behavior of others. Because aggression is so difficult to define, social psychologists, judges, and politicians (as well as many other people, including lawyers), have spent a great deal of time trying to determine what should and should not be considered aggression. But other harmful acts, such as the injuries that sports players receive during a rough game or the killing of enemy soldiers in a war might not be viewed by everyone as aggression.
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We say that people are aggressive if they yell at or hit each other, if they cut off other cars in traffic, or even when they smash their fists on the table in frustration. Differentiate emotional from instrumental aggression.Īggression is a word that we use every day to characterize the behavior of others and perhaps even of ourselves.Define aggression and violence as social psychologists do.